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Engineering Tips Forums

Engineering Tips Forums
Engineering Tips Forums are discussion groups designed to help engineers of all disciplines solve work-related problems.

pipingdesigners.com

pipingdesigners.com
Pipingdesigners.com is geared towards piping professionals, these are the people that specify components...

Process Safety Design Engineering

Process Safety Design Engineering
Process Safety is a source of information about equipment design, process monitoring and control, thermal insulation...

Sped - Society of Piping Engineers and Designers

Society of Piping Engineers and Designers
SPED is an international society established to promote excellence and quality in the practice of piping engineering and design...

question and answer - www.wermac.org -

NOTES:

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April 13, 2010 - from Werner Sölken

Dear All,
Daily I receive emails from companies who think www.wermac.org (Werner) is a customer or consumer of piping materials and accessories...that's not.
My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems.
I can not anymore answer all these emails...I am sorry.

Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

NOTE 1for suppliers of piping materials and accessories...

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April 13, 2010 - from Werner Sölken

Dear All,
Daily I receive emails from companies who think www.wermac.org (Werner) is a customer or consumer of piping materials and accessories...that's not.
My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems.
I can not anymore answer all these emails...I am sorry.

Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

NOTE 2is there any way to download the full content of the site...

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April 9, 2011 - from Werner Sölken

Dear All,
No, I have no pdf's, books etc.
My site is updatad every day.
If the site is ever finished I will release a free book.

Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

NOTE 3can I download the full content of ASME, ASTM, MSS, DIN standards by your site...

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Mei 25, 2011 - from Werner Sölken

NO

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

question and answer

77. i incidentally want to your website and collect huge knowledge needed for my job

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Dear Werner,
I incidentally want to your website and collect huge knowledge needed for my job.
I guess that you may have many letter like this sending to you.
However, from my heart, I would like to thank you!
Sincerely thanks to your valuable contribution !!!

Ta Nhat Quang
Vice Director

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

thx

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

76. what is the difference between size to size weldolet & reducing weldolet? and...

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Sir,
What is the difference between size to size weldolet & reducing weldolet? And how can I specify the weldolet class? Standards or extra strong?

Thanks
Ali

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Ali,

Size on Size:
Inner dia of the o'let is roughly equal to inside dia of header pipe

Reducing o'let:
Inner dia of the o'let is always smaller, as the inside dia of the header pipe

Wall Thickness:
Specification of the o'let: depends on the pipe spec wall thickness

Weldolet Size on Size

Weldolet reducing

Above illustrations should give you an impression...

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

75. dia inches = circumference x no. of welds

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Hi, I want to ask about weld dia-inches, I could not find any authentic method for the calculation of dia-inches for welding of pipes, as some says that:

Dia Inches = Circumference x No. Of Welds
And some says:
Dia Inches = Outside Dia of Pipe x No. Of Welds

Kindly clarify me about the subject mater, with the help of your experience. An early response from your side will be highly appreciated for me. Thanking you

Kind Regards,
Umair Ahmed | Trainee Engineer Piping

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Umair Ahmed,

Both mean the same.

Circumference of the pipe:

x diameter

= 3.14

Diameter = 14 inch
3.14 x 14 = 43.96 inch circumference
Multiply that times the number of weld passes.

Q: May I know what you want to calculate?

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

About your answer of question 75, how could both mean same, as a factor of 3.14 is multiple in one case and is not with the other case?. And answer to your question that why I need this, I wanted to calculate the total weld length of plant against each NPS pipe, because our client wants this from us, as we are an engineering (Design) firm in oil and gas sector. My question was not for man hour calculation for welding, which is a separate case.

Kind Regards,
Umair Ahmed | Trainee Engineer Piping

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Umair Ahmed,

I think I understand what you meant (or what your client intended).
After next weekend, you will find my answer.
I wish you and your family a special New Year 2012.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

74. spec break - some lines class is bl3 (300#) has been welded directly to line class al3 (150#)

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Dear Sir,
In the picture below, some lines which Class is BL3 (300#) has been welded directly to line class AL3 (150#). Please give me your advice about this.
1. Is that right or wrong ?
2. How to Hydro testing for these lines ?
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Spec Break

Thanks & Regards!
Nguyen Anh Tung (Mr)
Piping Engineer - Package Engineer BD1 Project

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Nguyen Anh Tung, (Sorry for my late reply)

Example:
You have a straight pipeline where at one end a flange Class 150 is mounted and on the other end a flange Class 300.
In the middle of that line you have made a weld that indicates a spec break from Class 150 to Class 300.

If a pressure test is needed for that pipeline you have a little problem.

Officially, the line must be tested at the lowest pressure class, in your case Class 150.
That means that Class 300 can not be tested on the appropriate values.

Solution:
A flange connection, instead of the weld gives the ability to pressure testing both parts of the pipeline.
Generally a spec break is almost always at a flange connection, with or without a valve.

Maybe there are other solutions, but then I know the pipe thickness (Schedule) of both systems.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

73. please explain to me about camlock coupling, vicatulic coupling and chicago coupling

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Dear Werner,
I'm a regular user of wermac. The site has taught me a lot about piping. I'd like to thank you for the good work in maintaining this site.
Please explain to me about Camlock coupling, Vicatulic Coupling and Chicago coupling. I'm new to these products.

Best Regards
Suhas Anil
Sr. Sales Engineer

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Suhas Anil,

Look at the links below, you will find a brief explanation about your question.

Victaulic® pipe joining systems

Cam Lock and Chicago quick connectors

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

Dear Werner,
Thank you very much for your help. You are amazing and you have been very kind to me.
Hope you had a great Christmas and wish you a happy and prosperous new year ahead.
In case if you need any help or any favour from me, please do let me know. I will help in any way I could.
Regards
Suhas Anil

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Hi Suhas Anil,

You're one of the few to say thank you!

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

72. first of all I would like to thank you for your nice and very usefull site

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First of all I would like to thank you for your nice and very usefull site. Both our sales people as well as some of our clients make use of it thankfully.
For the "fun" link, attached a nice photo of a pressure vessel where it appears they want to ship over water in a rather small vessel.
For your information I am in the piping business (mostly technical) for almost 20 years now, so in case you may require further information to extend your site please contact me. Maybe I can be of help.

met vriendelijke groeten/Kind Regards/ Mit freundlichen Grüssen,
Cees Kanters
Technical Manager

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hallo Cees,

Bedankt voor de foto. We spreken elkaar nog wel (eens).

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

71. i would like to know about stud bolts sizes (length of bolts) for spectacle blinds

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Hello Werner,
i have a question about spectacle blinds. i would like to know about stud bolts sizes (length of bolts) for spectacle blinds. generally i use asme b 16-5-1996 for them. is it wrong or not????
thanks in advance!
Regards,
Jeyhun

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Jeyhun

Method for Calculating Stud Bolt Lengths

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

70. is it possible to use flanges instead of welding to join the pipes together

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Dear Werner,
This is Mohamed Abdelbari and my business is in Dubai, U.A.E. Basically. I need to install a 150 meters, 6 inch pipeline and this is intended to be for a high pressure application which ranges from 25-28 bar. My enquiry is that, is it possible to use flanges instead of welding to join the pipes together?
Thanking you in advance,
Regards,
Mohamed Abdelbari

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Mohamed Abdelbari

YES / NO

If your customer demands, that no "flange connections" in the pipe line may be used, my answer is not needed.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

Thank you Werner for your prompt response. Any idea if there is a standard(s) which can support my stand in front of my boss?
Thanking you in advance

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Hi Mohamed,
Costs are the most important factor when building a new plant, unfortunately.
What I can tell you: there are no standards that may or may not allow flanges.
I will write a new short article about your question.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Hi Mohamed,

Look at de bottom of this page

greetings Werner

Thank you Werner for your prompt response.
Highly appreciated.
Thanking you in advance

Regards,
Mohamed S. Abdelbari

69. can you put metallic gaskets - rtj dimensions on the website

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Dear Werner,
Can you put metallic gaskets - RTJ dimensions on the website ?
Thanks
Yanhua

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Yanhua

TYPE R RING GASKET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES ACC TO ASME B16.20 USED WITH RTJ FLANGES ACC TO ASME B16.5 and B16.47 SERIES A

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

68. we have to handle safety valves to valve shop for testing and maintenance

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hello
Question one: We have to handle safety valves to valve shop for testing and maintenance. But i think some of these valves are damaged during handling to valve shop.
So i want to find the best way for handling valves to shop. Most of our valves are balance safety valve.

Question two: i have a question about safety valve.
Is it possible to test a safety valve with a set pressure about 130kg/cm2 by using online test method ?

best regard
sajjad noruzi

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi sajjad noruzi

Answer on question one: www.wermac.org/valves/valves_pressure_relief.html

Answer on question two: www.wermac.org/pdf/set_point_testing.pdf

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

67. excellent web site...covers practically everything in an easy to understand format

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Excellent web site...covers practically everything in an easy to understand format.
I was on finding out the difference between UNC & UNF threads, and also the purpose of steam traps, of which I had about four different explanations of from different people.

The heat transfer section is very good, particularly the animation of a shell and tube heat exchanger, I wish the lecturer had shown me this when I was doing my degree it would have made things a lot easier to understand.

Keep Up the Good Work, Regards
John McMillan
Site Engineer

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi John

More than 1000 words can not tell, what I can tell by an image or animation.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

66. i would like to talk to someone about your 150lbs and 300lbs paddles

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Hi there Werner,

i would like to talk to someone about your 150# and 300# paddles.
can you please call me or e-mail me
thanks
Joe Bland

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Joe

Ask what you want, I'll try to answer.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

65. can you explain what is the difference between a trunnion and floating ball valve...

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Hi there Werner,

What a great website you have here! Keep up the good work!
I'm not an engineer, but somehow I am working in an engineering company. The internet is my main source of information for product search & knowledge...so it is great that I came across your helpful website.
Recently, I came across a requirement for trunnion and floating ball valves.
Can you explain what is the difference between them?
And is there anyway to identify the difference just from their appearance?
Appreciate your help on this.

Thank you.
Best regards
Steven Ng
Malaysia

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Steven Ng

.pdf file

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

64. i love your website and appreciate all your hard work...

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I love your website and appreciate all your hard work. I am new to the industry and your site has helped me tremendously. A great time saver!

Phil

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Phil...thanks for your compliments

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

*63. please calculate the application in the attached file

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Hello, my name is Andreas.
The main office of the company DBR Gasarmaturen GmbH is located in Germany, we also have offices in CIS countries.
Engineering company DBR Gasarmaturen GmbH engaged in supply of equipment and materials for water and gas supply and consumption.
We have a large network of clients in Europe, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Baltic countries and elsewhere.
Has its own design bureau in Russia and Belarus (state planners at least 50 people), we have permission to design and installation of gas, water, ect. equipment.
We are currently expanding the geography of suppliers, and we complete order in one of the countries of Asia.

Please calculate the application in the attached file (pos.1-58).

Sincerely, Andreas Liebermann.
DBR Gasarmaturen GmbH
Im Sampel 18
55246 Mainz-Kostheim
Tel.: 06134/956364
Fax: 06134/956365
Registration HRB 23573
ID-Nr.: DE 814971722
St.-Nr. 04023104263

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Lieberman, why do you think that wermac.org originated from an egg ?
You have no idea what to offer !.
Therefore you ask me, in order to supplement your list with prices.
Ask your manager (Helene Kunz) if your practices are allowed...and please, do not contact me anymore.

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

62. vorschweissflansche typ 11, en 1092-1 pn 25, form b1, dn 700 / 711,2 x 14,2

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Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

wir bitten um ein Angebot über Preis und Lieferzeit für 4 Stück Vorschweissflansche Typ 11,
EN 1092-1 PN 25, Form B1, DN 700 / 711,2 x 14,2 aus Material 1.4541 mit Zeugnis APZ 3.1.
Ihr Angebot erwarten wir kurzfristig, bis zum 26.10.2011

Für Rückfragen stehe ich Ihnen gerne zur Verfügung.
Mit freundlichen
i.V. Dietmar Wahl

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Dietmar,
I can recommend several suppliers in Germany, they can deliver what you ask.
Why do you ask www.wermac.org ?

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

61. carbon steel flange class 150 welding neck size 16" reduced neck to 14"

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Dear Sir,

Do you supply flanges with the following specs:
Carbon steel flange class 150 welding neck size 16" reduced neck to 14"
If yes, please provide dimensional drawing...

Regards
Morad Al-Zu'bi

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

A concentric or eccentric reducer gives you what you want...I think.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

60. is astm sa106 and astm a106are same?

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Dear Sir,

I am having some queries. I searched in internet for the answers, but it is not useful. So please give me correct answer for the following questions.

  1. What are the main differences between ASTM SA106 Gr. B and ASTM SA 53 Gr. B?
  2. Is ASTM SA 106 Gr. B and ASTM A106 Gr. B are same?
  3. In real application, can we use ASTM SA53 Gr. B instead of ASTM SA106 Gr. B?
  4. Is there any pressure or temperature factors differentiating this two materials?

Thanks & Regards

Regards
K.V.Kamath
Lead Piping Engineer

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer (acc. to BPVC) from Werner Sölken

1 & 4. See ASTM A106 and the difference with ASTM A53

2. SA means that the ASTM standard has been approved / adopted by the BPVC
(Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code by ASME).
Examples:
ASME says about ASTM A53: there are no differences.
ASME says about ASTM A106: Identical, except for editorial differences at 8.1, 13.4, and 24.1 and deletion of ASTM caveat 1.5 (these are articles referring to the BPVC).

3. Yes, you can use A53 standard instead of A106, but you need permission from your engineer. There are differences in the two standaads.

greetings Werner

PS:  New page since October 30, 2011 ASTM A... OR ASME SA...

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

From: K.V.Kamath / Abu Dhabi Branch, UAE

thanks

59. rtj facing vs rf facing...

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From: K.V.Kamath / Abu Dhabi Branch, UAE

I have flanges 10"-2500Lbs, Sch/Thick 38 mm, ASTM A 105N, RTJ face.
The matching valves are found to be identical rating but RF.
I have decided to machine off the RTJ facing to RF since I find it will dimensionally fit.
Is this acceptable.

Regards
K.V.Kamath
Lead Piping Engineer

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi K.V.Kamath

Your question is simple, and my answer even: NO

Why did the engineering company has been determined an RTJ connection ?.
Ask your engineer, and he will tell you why.
In the near future, I will write an article about RTJ vs RF.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

From: K.V.Kamath / Abu Dhabi Branch, UAE

thanks

58. from welding neck flange to a socket weld flange, in pressure class 2500Lbs...

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From: John Craychee

Hello
I am designing a flange mounted valve for use on compressors.
The valve will utilize a B16.5 welding neck flange 1"-Class 2500.
The other site of that valve must be modified to provide a socket weld configuration.
The valve body will fit into the socket and a fillet weld will be used.
The customer has indicated that the welding must be done according to ASME B31.3.

My question is: how do I determine the required weld size. Is that spelled out in B31.3 ?
(I do not yet have a copy of this standard)

Thanks for any help you can provide.
And thanks for your website; it has been very informative and helpful.
Best regards,
John Craychee

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi John Craychee

Which pressure class has the socket weld side (after the valve) ?

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

57. guidelines for corrosion allowance of steel pipes and would like to find what lifespan of the pipes...

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Hello
On your website Corrosion Allowance. I saw some guidelines for corrosion allowance of steel pipes and would like to find what lifespan of the pipes are these numbers based on ?

Thanks,
Shamie Ramroop, PE
Project Engineer

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Shamie Ramroop

At the bottom of Corrosion Allowance you will find the "Remark(s) of the author".
That is my answer to your question.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

56. hydrotest, precommessioning & commessioning, pigging & flushing, cathodic protection, dt & ndt...

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dear Werner Sölken
first of all i wanna thank you for the great effort you did on your website it's realy very impressive but i would like if you added an overview about the following subjects:

  • hydrotest
  • precommessioning & commessioning
  • pigging & flushing
  • cathodic protection
  • DT & NDT
  • wellhead assembly
  • flowlines and pipelines

and what you see is good for piping engineers, thank you for your time and consideration
PIPING ENGINEER:
Safwan a.yousef

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Safwan yousef, Algeria

On December 21, 2008, this website is officially online and is continuously expanded
(see "about" at the top of my website).

In the near future, all your questions or recommendations will be answered by me.
Have a little patience.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

55. engineering, procurement and construction management (epcm)

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Nice to see many piping information on your website at one location.
I am working with Reliance Industries-India having lots of projects constructions are in progress. I request, if you can recommend, any systems available for management of EPCM activity of projects.
Thanks
Regards, Mehul Mehta

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Mehul Mehta,

EPCM stands for Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management, at least I know.
There are many different opinions, do a Google search.
The EPCM Consultants Homesite says "We Provide a range of project services, from feasibility studies to commissioning and operations support".
To make matters more confusing, there's another acronym sometimes, namely EPC. Is EPC different from EPCM ?
I am sorry I can not help you.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

54. me gustaría saber como se los dibuja and p&id welding flange ball valves deadman...

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from Jose Gimenez / Spain

Hola desde Spain,
Me gustarìa saber como se dibuja en los P&ID las deadman flange ball valves, because I don't have this symbol.
Best regards, Jose

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Jose,

Coincidence?
2 weeks ago I ordered 4 of these valves.

Your question
Me gustaría saber como se los dibuja and P&ID welding flange ball valves deadman, because i do not have this symbol.

In the pictures, you have send with your email, I see ball valves.
Use the ball valve symbol.

Later, when the isometrics are made:
Make a note directly at the valve.
In the long text of your note, you can give more specifications about the that valve(s).
Note: it is better to refer to a specification that comes from the customer.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

53. may i joint or match an rtj flange with a rf flange?

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from Giovanny Armando Serrano

Dear Srs,
Good moorning,
I would like get your support about the next:
I'm working an engineering specs for pipelines and flow transmiters. The question is, May I joint or match an RTJ flange with a RF flange?
I have specs for RTJ ANSI 1500, 4" pipe
Can they mate or definitly RTJ and RF are completly differentes?
Regards,
Cordialmente,
Giovanny Armando Serrano.

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Giovanny,

A connection between a RF flange and a RTJ flange, is actually not possible...

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

52. do you have any plans on adding plastic, frp or jacketed pipe and fittings to your website?

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from Jim McGregor

I'm a piping designer in Pittsburgh, PA. I wanted thank you for providing a valuable tool that I regularly use and share with my fellow designers.
Do you have any plans on adding plastic, FRP or jacketed pipe and fittings to your website?

Thanks again...Jim McGregor

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi James,
Here in the Netherlands, the petrochemical and chemical industry, are very skeptical about FRP and other "non STEEL piping".
I was involved in a project, FRP pipes which were used as test.
The project wast considered positive, but the whole project wast canceled.

About Jacketed pipe.
One of my projects, jacketed pipe, was a complete challenge, compared to my normal activities.
I made isometrics and 3D models for the customer to explain what I intended.
Nobody understood.
I have (with permission), to carry out the change, and it works perfectly.

For jacketed systems, you need a person who is familiar with that sort of systems.

Your question:
Do you have any plans on adding plastic, FRP or jacketed pipe and fittings to your website?

My answer:
Not at this time.
Perhaps you have a reason why I should take this into my website.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

51. i just wanted to say thanks to you for your time in explaning people about this wonderful topic

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from Maria / Colombia

Dear Mr Sölken
Top of the day.

My name is Maria Lucia Restrepo, I am a student of mechanical engineering in Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Currently I am working on my final project, it is about mechanical design of piping systems.
I found your web site and it has been a great help to guide me through the world of piping.
I just wanted to say thanks to you for your time in explaning people about this wonderful topic.

Have a good day.
Maria Lucia Restrepo

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Maria,
Thanks for your compliments on my website.
If I can help you with your final project, let me know.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

50. thank you for taking the time to put all this information together in one place

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from James R. Macek / US Ohio

I just found your website. I was just recently commenting on how there is no centralized source of information on pipe, valves, fitting and piping on the internet. I can no longer make that comment! Although I have only scratched the surface of your website, it is, by far, the best I have ever seen. Thank you for taking the time to put all this information together in one place. I am sure our organization will be using the website often. Keep up the great work!

James R. Macek

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi James,
Thanks for your compliments on my website.
I will continue to provide information, to anyone who is interested.

Unfortunately there are people who abuse my site. Recently I found a "Company" that has copied all content of my entire site, and has it put online under its own name.
I hope that Google and the provider of that person or company can stop this illegal activity.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

49. i would like to know about the expansion of a stainless steel tube to be used in refrigeration coils

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from Mbuso Yende / South Africa

I would like to know about the expansion of a stainless steel tube to be used in refrigeration coils. What methods are used: hydraulic (and what pressure is required for steel grade 430). Any information will be highly appreciated.

Kind Regards,
Mbuso Yende

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Mbuso Yende,
I can not give a answer to your question.
At the moment I work for a company that needs refrigeration units in their daily process.
They use the knowledge of http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/us/en.html

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

48. i wants to know about the drawbacks of hi-lo in pipe joints (butt weld-v).

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from Arun - India

Dear Mr.Werner

I am Arun from India, working as a Piping Engineer.
I wants to know about the drawbacks of Hi-Lo in pipe joints (Butt weld-V).
Pipe was damaged and its shape deformed as a oval shape(18" STD A53 grb).
Fitter tried his level maximum to correct it, but not match in one location around 150mm (4 mm out). I passed the joint and started welding.
I wants to know, it will weaken joint strength. What is the drawback of these concerns.

Thanks in advance
Arun

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Arun,
There is a lot of knowledge and work needed, to prefab uneven pipe diameters and may be with different wall thicknesses.
I can not tell from my website how to do that. This is purely a matter of experience.

What I can tell you is: make sure that the preparation (made by your pipefitter) can not be changed during welding.

greetings Werner

PS: Depending on the browser you use, reload each page, and you're up to date..

47. would this rupture disc need to be set at the same pressure as the safety relief valve or...

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from John Hall

Have designed a reactor with design specifications set at -1 / 6 barG including overhead condensers x 2 (water cooled).
To be used under full vacuum as well as slightly positive pressure at various stages of the process.
Normal atmospheric operating pressure +/- 0.5 barG. Reactor volume is 32 m3 and works with Iso Propyl Alcohol with a normal head space of 12m3 at a maximum temperature of 95° C.
Have included an outlet nozzle at DN80 to fit a pressure safety valve that will exhaust to an external collection tank.
I will install a stainless steel safety relief valve at 2.5 barG and would appreciate your thoughts on fitting a rupture disc to run alongside with the safety valve. Would this rupture disc need to be set at the same pressure as the safety relief valve or should it be set at a slightly lower pressure ?

Thank You

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Well, my name is Werner,
which code (ASME, DIN, or whatever), the reactor is designed ?.

46. studbolts made of 21CrMoV5-7 / W1.7709

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from Bogdan MIRICA

Hello !
Dear Mr. Sölken,
Thank you very much for the huge work you have made with the website and sharing with us your knowledge.
If is possible to help me with the issue of substitute studbolts made of 21CrMoV5-7 / W1.7709 with A193 B16, substitution not accepted by many engineers.
Is any reasonable reason by not accepting A193 B16 (his similar is W1.7711) instead of W1.7709 and then what ASME material for bolting can replace 21CrMoV5-7 without any other issues ?
I need this in many projects and W1.7709 is more expensive and hard to supply than A193 B16.
Many thank again for your work and looking forward after your answer !
Cu stima / Kind Regards,
Bogdan MIRICA

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello,
I can not help you with your inquiry. I assume that in your specification, bolts and nuts in the quality 21CrMoV5-7 / W1.7709 be requested. There is a reason why this quality is specified. Option, discuss the alternatives with your client.

greetings Werner

45. are the fittings and flange dimensional charts available in imperial rather than metric ?

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from Mike Walker

Are the fittings and flange dimensional charts available in imperial rather than metric ?
We are living in the past in the U.S. ! J
Mike Walker

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Mike,

YES

greetings Werner

44. while taking my two border collies...

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from Karl

Good afternoon Werner,

While taking my two border collies for their lunch time run through the woods across from a sluice a lady with her sheep-dog came along and we started talking.
Her name is Bianca, (whom you undoubtedly know) and she told me about your web-site. Hence this mail.

What a brilliant piece of work it is too !

Although near to retirement, I still work in the Subsea Services Department of Allseas in Delft (The Netherlands). (ROV survey and lay support)
Will pass on your site details to our engineers since there are frequently discussions, especially about the type of flanges they should use. Hope you don't mind the engineering explanation in the mail received from my colleague.

Kind Regards
Karl

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Karl,
Normally I place these mails not in "Question and Answers".
But if you've met my wife I make an exception! :-}
Of course I'm very happy that I maybe you and your colleagues can help.
A general answer on flanges, I can not give, but they are the most important components in a pipe line system.
All questions of your colleagues are welcome.

greetings Werner

PS: I've changed some names

42. pressure-temperature rating tables for asme b16.36 orifice flanges

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from Stanley Julien

Hello,

I am writing you today because I am curious to know if the flange pressure-temperature rating tables in ASME B16.5 can be applied to orifice flanges as well? As a manufacturer of orifice flanges, I believe you guys may know the answer. ASME B16.36 deals with orifice flanges but does not mention if the pressure and temperature relationship is similar with the non-orifice flanges. I'd like to know the maximum pressure a given orifice flange may hold.
I would very much like your assistance in the matter,

Have a good day,
Stanley Julien

I'm not a manufacturer of piping materials and accessories. My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping systems etc..

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Stanley,
The pressure-temperature ratings, including all use recommendations and limitations, and the method of rating given in ASME B16.5 apply to orifice flanges acc. to ASME B16.36.

greetings Werner

41. toleranties boutgat diameter - tolerances bolt hole diameter

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from R.S. Dijkmans / the Netherlands

Beste Werner,

Ik heb een vraag. Het antwoordt, als jij deze hebt, kan wellicht een mooie toevoeging zijn aan jouw website:
ASME B16.5-2003 §7 Tolerances:
De nominale dimensies van ASME flenzen worden beschreven in de norm, echter de toleranties van deze dimensies gedeeltelijk. Ik probeer te achterhalen wat de tolerantie op de boutgatdiameter van een ASME flens is ( Website : FLG / Welding Neck Flanges / Dimensie 'L' ). Heb jij enigs idee waar ik deze informatie kan vinden ? In de ASME B16.5-2003 norm kan ik hier niets over vinden. Bijvoorbaad dank !

M.vr.gr. / Kind regards
ing. Ron S. Dijkmans

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Ron,
The answer is simple: ASME B16.5 gives no tolerances for bolt hole diameters, not even the latest version 2009.

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
Published Interpretations

Interpretation: 2-7
Subject: Bolt Hole Tolerances
Date Issued: June 18, 1990
File: B16-90-09
Question: Does B16.5-1988 have any requirements for tolerances on bolt hole diameters?
Reply: No.

greetings Werner

40. what is the piping convention for installing tongue and groove flanges

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from Steve Miller

Good morning,

One question, What is the piping convention for installing Tongue and Groove flanges? Does the tongue go upstream or downstream? Is this orientation specified anywhere?

Thanks
Steve Miller

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Steve,
Good question which many possible answers.
I have worked for a company where many TG flanges were used, and where nearly all male ends point in the flow direction. Except for valves, both sides of their valves were female.
I have searched many ASME and API standards. I have found no rule that defines a orientation or flowdirection for TG flanges.
I think every company makes their own choices, and no official specifications have been made.

greetings Werner

39. under powder longitudinal welded pipes

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from Peter Kirkham

Hi Werner,

I have a question about what a pipe terminology means
"under powder longitudinal welded pipes".
What does the "under powder" mean in laymen' terms.
You help in this would be much appreciated.

Best Regards
Peter Kirkham

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Peter,

Powder welding is a non-fusion form of gas welding in which a modified oxyacetylene torch serves as both a powder supply and heat source.
The melting point of the deposited powder is below that of the base iron and when the base iron surface reaches a certain temperature, the deposited powder coating melts and "wets" the casting surface.
Subsequently the weld is built up as the preheated powdered alloy continuously melts as it impinges on the wetted surface.
Powder welding does not fuse the base iron and the success of the weld is determined by the development of a diffusion bond.
Powder welding has several limitations. It is slow, expensive and is restricted to horizontal welding. Although the casting is not heated to its melting point, sufficient heat may be applied to cause distortion in complex castings.
Powder welding is used for defect repair, cladding and joining high alloy irons.

Check out: Ductile Iron Society

greetings Werner

38. what it the difference between piping isometrics (iso's) and piping arrangement

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from Bill Gu / Canada

Hi Werner,

Very nice website. Helps me a lot and always in my favourites folder. Thanks for sharing your knowledge and experience with us.

Just some small questions.

1. What it the difference between Piping Isometrics (Iso's) and PIPING ARRANGEMENT - Isometric Views.
2. In our company we also have some drawings called piping plan. It is basically a plane drawing for the piping system. As I did not find that on you site, I am not sure is it common or just use in our company.
3. There is 2 tables on: http://www.wermac.org/flanges/flanges_general_part2.html
You mark: Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials
Working pressures by classes, PSIG.

But I think the unit is bar not psig. Can you take a look at it ?

Regards,
Bill Gu M.Sc.

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Bill,

Thanks for your compliments on my website.

I have corrected the error to "Working pressures by classes, BAR"; thanks for the tip.

For the difference in Piping Isometrics (ISO's) and Piping Arrangements, see main menu "DOCS". (a piping plan is similar to a piping arrangement and is used almost everywhere)

Soon I will show additional drawing examples.

greetings Werner

37. hello, my friend just send your website to me

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from Juan /

Hello, my Friend just send your website to me.

By just scanning you first page, i can tell this site made by a specialist. Nice quality presentation drawing.

It is a perfectionist style way, it's like a Japanese specialist that it has quality and a there is a heart behind in it.

I have been searching to many website about piping and non of them satisfy me. Good thing i have a copy of piping drafting rev 2. Which guide me the basic understanding of piping.

Imagine by just having P&ID, Process data sheets and a Plot plan, I can start making my design. I have been involved from Feed to detailing and it's a nice experience. It is direct 3d design. Unlike my present company now which is in the middle east. First we do it in auto cad. It's like making a 3d first just in your mind and reflect it as piping arrangement drawing...It was nice really.

It seems like to me that being in a piping engineering is a stressful one, it will make you old faster specially working with tight schedule.

But now you give me inspiration because you reach the golden age i guess and made a beautiful website and seem you enjoyed it.

Thank you and regards,
Juan

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Juan,

Thanks for all your compliments.

In the article about the Author of this website I write:
I have tried to make a website with a clear structure, "what your click is what you get".

I also try to write articles that give a user a certain base on a topic. It is not always easy to define a subject well.
I do not know who will be reading a article; is it someone with extensive experience ? or is it a beginner ? or is it ?... etc. etc.

Well, I'll continue to do my best to satisfy everyone.

greetings Werner

36. astm a 333 grade material, shall be employed for low temperature services...

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from Mandela I.Truman / India

Dear sir,

1) As per ASME Sec II Part A, ASTM A 333 Grade material, shall be employed for Low temperature Services. ASTM A 106 Gr.B Materials shall also be used if the the temperature is ranging between -20 to 420° Celcius.
Instead of SA 333 Grades why can't we use SA 106 Gr.B or if there any specific application for SA 333 Grade Materials.
If so, what are the services that employes SA 333 Grades as its Material of Construction.

2) Seam Pipes, Seamless Pipes, ERW Pipes are termed by the manufacturing process. Based on the manufacturing process will the Allowable stress value of the Materials differs among the same materials (say SA 53 Gr.B)

Thanks with Regards
Mandela I.Truman

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Mandela I.Truman,

Depending on the browser you use, remove the history regularly.
I add items daily, but I do not want to do this with various icons to indicate.

For several days I tell on my website a few things about ASTM A333.
Perhaps you have not read, or you can not read.
Look at ASTM A333. At the bottom of that page you will find an explanation.

If that explanation is not sufficient, I ask you to think about spheres where gas (Propylene, LNG, etc.) is stored. Why we used killed steel ?...the answer is already given.

greetings Werner

35. we make use of backing flanges...

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from Mandela I.Truman / India

Dear sir,
While designing the piping system for Dosing system,we had noticed that,we make use of Backing Flanges.
We are not aware of this and till now, I'd never used anywhere.
Could you please send some details about the Backing flange,its purpose and its applications.

Thanks with Regards
Mandela I.Truman

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Mandela I.Truman,

Check out: Lap Joint Flange. On that page you will find an example of a backing flange.
Backing flanges are loose flanges that in piping systems can be applied, and they are available in many different versions.
Itself the flange is not welded or fixed in any way. It is free to spin for clean alignment with whatever it is joining to.

greetings Werner

34. i have read valve topic but the section bellow seal(ed) valves does...

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from Ali Sabeti / Country ?

Dear Sir,
I am one of your really valuable website user. I have read VALVE topic but the section BELLOW SEAL(ED) VALVES does not make scence. Please send me some figures about this section to help me understand it clearly as other parts.

Yours Faithfully

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Ali,

check out: bellow sealed valves

greetings Werner

33. for info on astm standards for pipe-fittings...

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from Chad Andriowski / Canada

Hello Werner,
I just stumbled across your website today while searching for info on ASTM standards for pipe-fittings. Your website is a god-send! I work in supply-chain and assist our maintenance planning dept. with the ordering of pipe, valves, and fittings. I appreciate all the work and research that you've done to make life easier for people like me.

Thank you,
Chad Andriowski

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Chad,

Sorry for my late reply.
I do not know what you meant by: people like me (joking)
Believe me, experienced engineers and other experienced people occasionally look at my website.

greetings Werner

32. special flanges-orifice flanges and plates

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from Deepu Varghese

Hi Werner hope you are fine. I have asked you a question before regarding piping isometrics and hope you find some time to clarify my doubt.
I also found that you mentioned ASME B31.3 para 328.5.4 in flanges - special flanges-orifice flanges and plates. Why it is mentioned is it a typing error or is it relevant to that flanges. Please clarify.

You have mentioned the same std (ASME B31.3 para 328.5.4) in specials -reinforced branch connections which I understood.

The best thing I like about your website is the pictures which clear ones doubt for example the cross section of orifice flange in flanges -special flanges. Sharing the knowledge earned freely is a very noble thing and I really appreciate and thank you for your efforts.

with regards,
Deepu Varghese

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Deepu,

ASME B31.3 para 328.5.4 has nothing to do with orifice plates and flanges, mistake of mine.

Thanks for the tip and thanks for your other compliments.

greetings Werner

31. difference between API 598 and API 6D

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from Vu Tat Tuan / Viet Nam

Dear wermac,
Could you please tell me what is the different between API598 and API6D, and we can use Pressure test API598 instead of API6D for Valve ?
I look forward to hearing you soon.
Thank you for your help.

Best Regards,
Vu Tat Tuan (Mr.)
Mechanical Engineer
Engineering Department - PTSC M&C

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Mr. Vu Tat Tuan,

API 598 covers inspection, examination, supplementary examinations, and pressure test requirements for resilient-seated, nonmetallic-seated (e.g. ceramic), and metal-to-metal-seated valves of the gate, globe, plug, ball, check, and butterfly types.

API 6D International Standard specifies requirements and provides recommendations for the design, manufacturing, testing and documentation of ball, check, gate and plug valves for application in pipeline systems meeting the requirements of ISO 13623 for the petroleum and natural gas industries.

Occasionally the chemical or refinery valve specifier will see reference to API 6D - "Pipeline Valves". This document is a thorough standard covering the design, materials and dimensions of valves for pipeline service. The most common reference for non-pipeline use are the testing requirements which differ slightly from API 598. The primary difference being 6D's zero allowable leakage on closure tests. Since most of the valves built to API 6D are resilient seated, this is no problem, however when the test standard is applied to metallic seated wedge gate, globe or check valves, compliance can be difficult.

greetings Werner

30. fantastic website and information source...thank you very much

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from Jeff Horton / UK

Dear Werner
Fantastic website and information source...thank you very much for all your efforts to produce the site.
It must of taken heck of a lot of work!

Very best Regards
Jeff Horton
Technical Manager
CAMBRIAN VALVES Ltd

Answer from Werner Sölken

Thanks for the compliments on my website...and yes it's a lot of work to update a website every day.

greetings Werner

29. duplex uns S31803 vs monel 400

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from Nguyen Anh Tung (Mr) / Vung Tau City, SR Viet Nam

Dear Sir,
In the data sheet of Y Strainer, material of Screen Guide is Duplex SS UNS S31803, but vendor offered Monel 400 material instead of Duplex SS UNS S31803.
Can you give me your advise about this problem ?
I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Thanks & Regards!

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi,
Monel 400 is a versatile nickel copper alloy with good strength and toughness, combined with outstanding corrosion resistance, while UNS S31803 is a 22% chromium, nitrogen alloyed duplex stainless steel with high general, localized, and stress corrosion resistance properties in addition to high strength and excellent impact toughness.

Chemical Composition % Monel 400

  • Carbon (C) = 0.3 max
  • Maganese (Mn) = 2.0 max
  • Silicon (Si) = 0.5 max
  • Sulphur (S) = 0.024 max
  • Nickel (Ni) = 63.0 min
  • Copper (Cu) = 28.0 min - 34.0 max
  • Iron (Fe) = 2.5 max

Chemical Composition % UNS S31803

  • Carbon (C) - 0.03 max
  • Maganese (Mn) = 2.0 max
  • Silicon (Si) = 1.0 max
  • Sulphur (S) = 0.015 max
  • Phosphorues (P) = 0.035 max
  • Chromium (Cr) = 21.0 min - 23.0 max
  • Nickel (Ni) = 4.5 min - 6.5 max
  • Molybdenum (Mo) = 2.5 min - 3.5 max
  • Nitrogen (N) = 0.10 min - 0.22 max

As you can see, there are important differences in both materials.
My tip: Do not deviate from your specification, and do it only if you have your customer's written consent.

greetings Werner

28. during hydrotesting would the crotch areas expand the most...

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from Chad C. Cuvo / Morrisville US

Hi,
Your site is great first of all. I have a question which involves forged tees.
I have a prefab line that has 7 each 30" tees. During Hydrotesting would the crotch areas expand the most ?. The problem we are having is the coating delaminated form there almost as if it was stretched.
Do you understand my question ?
Thank you much.
Regards,
Chad C. Cuvo

Answer from Werner Sölken

First, thanks for the compliments on my website.

Do you understand my question ?...Yes and No.

Have the Tees internal or external coatings, or both ?.
Normaly, after hydrotesting and other NDE, pipes, flanges and fiittings will be painted.

At the moment, unfortunately I can not go to answer your question...I have no more than a mobile in my hands.
Next Monday, I can tell you more...I'm sorry.

Werner

Second answer from Werner Sölken

During Hydrotesting the crotch areas expand the most, is completely correct.

The wall thickness around the crotch must be have at least a factor of 1.3 of the normal wall thickness...I think with a 30 inch tee is not.
And that's the problem with your coating.

See the article about "crotch" on my website:
www.wermac.org/fittings/buttweld_fittings_part3.html

Most companies make it simple, they are use a higher schedule size as the minimum allowed wall thickness.

Werner

27. i guess you might know what a "dowel pin" is.

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from Gilles / Switzerland

Dear Werner,
I guess you might know what a "dowel pin" is. Application is flow metering using an Ultrasonic meter. I imagine that the flow profile has to be very quite for an accurate measuring.
(That's why we're using a flow conditionner). Moreover the gap in result of a bad alignement could create turbulences. I think that's why "dowel pins" are required in order to get a smooth alignement betw. several spools and flowmeter.
I'm I right ? If you got more information it would be very helpful !
Once again, thanks a lot for your help.
Best regards,
Gilles

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Gilles,
Dowel Pins are hardened and precisely shaped pins.
They are used to keep machine components in accurate alignment.
So, you're right with your conclusion.

Although:
The use of dowel pins to guarantee positional security of rotating machinery is not recommended.
The use of dowel pins to guarantee positional repeatability is also not recommended.

This is the conclusion of a study made by: Alan Luedeking
He is the manager of alignment technical support and training for Ludeca Inc.
He can be reached at 305-591-8935 or alan.luedeking@ludeca.com.
For more information on Ludeca, visit www.ludeca.com.

greetings Werner

26. astm a193 b7/a194 2h, heavy hex, zinc nikel plating with a top fluorocarbon...

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from Vu Tat Tuan / Vietnam

I'm evaluation for some packages. Our material specs of bolting is : ASTM A193GRB7 / A194GR2H, Heavy Hex, Zinc Nikel Plating with a top Fluorocarbon Coating-Blue Colour (MasterNizcote or Equivalent), And Vendor offered AISI 316 or Black Fluorocarbon coated material.
I'm wondering it's acceptable or not acceptable and If not acceptable, why ?.

Answer from Werner Sölken

What is Fluorocarbon Coating ?

Fluorocarbon coatings are formulated from the family of Fluoropolymers, which includes Teflon® and others and exhibit many of the properties associated with these unique materials.

Utilizing the chemistry of carbon and fluorine, fluorocarbon coatings impart properties not attainable with other organic coatings when applied over suitable substrates: outstanding chemical and corrosion resistance, non-wetting surfaces, exceptional thermal stability, extremely low coefficient of friction and excellent non-stick qualities.

Fluorocarbon coatings can extend the life of moving parts; maintain the purity of pharmaceuticals and chemicals; insure perfect molded parts; reduce maintenance and downtime; improve sales; produce uniform baked goods; reduce the possibility of electrical shock; improve the performance of medical instruments.

Material specs are not there for nothing

In your material specification blue coated carbon steel studbolts are defined. Your customer will have a reason why the bolts and nuts must be blue colered carbon steel. You should not ask yourself whether an alternative is acceptable. Your customer determines what should be used.

Your supplier proposes to use stainless steel bolts with a black fluorcarbon coating.
My tip: Do not deviate from your specification, and do it only if you have your customer's written consent.

greetings Werner

25. i believe that there is a mistake in the chart showing

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from Lorne Henderson / Canada

I believe that there is a mistake in the chart showing the 38" weld neck flange height (dimension "H") in the ASME 16.47 Series B 300 pound class chart. Can you verify and fix (if needed) thank you.

Lorne Henderson

Answer from Werner Sölken

ASME B16.47 gives the same H size as in my table (see attached asme_b16.47_series B.gif). I have checked the old API STANDARD 605, and there is another height specified and suppliers of these flanges specify the same H size as API 605.
I think ASME has made a small mistake.
Thanks for the tip...I have changed the H dimensions.

greetings Werner

24. united states and european standards

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from Robert Moore / US

Hello,
I am involved in a project in which components are made in the US using NPT and ANSI dimensioned flanges and fittings.
We will need to connect these items to metric flanges and fittings, pipe etc. in Europe.
Can you point me to the conversion factors necessary to accomplish this? Also, is a DN 32mm pipe and thread the same as a 1" NPT pipe?
I am having trouble understanding the specs and could use the direction. Thank You.

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Robert,
Metric pipes and fittings often have different wall thicknesses as ASME (earlier ANSI).
Metric flanges usually have different bolt circles and will not fit on ASME flanges.
Metric thread is not equal to NPT thread, mostly in Europe, Whitworth thread BSP (British Standard Pipe) applied.
I think that's not a good idea to use both standards together.
By the way:
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) and Diameter Nominal (DN) are dimensionsless designators for pipe sizes.
DN 32 is a designator for pipe 1 1/4" equal to NPS 1 1/4 (without an inch symbol)
DN 25 is a designator for pipe 1" equal to NPS 1 (without an inch symbol)

Werner

23. stainless steel & carbon steel flange

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from Zulkaini / Malaysia

My Question as per Image Below:
 a) How to install 2 pipes system with 2 difference material (refer to image below)?
 b) For Stud, Nuts & Washer material..which spec I need to use ?
 c) Gasket Material to use ?
 d) How to avoid corrosion problem ?

Carbon Steel
Flange Spec/Material : 150# rating & A105N
Stud & Nuts & Washer: A193 Gr.B7 & A194 Gr. 2H & ASTM F436
Gasket :SS/Graphite/SS

Stainless Steel
Flange Spec/Material : 150# rating & A182 F316L
Stud & Nuts & Washer: A320 Gr.L7 & A194 Gr.4 & 316SS
Gasket :SS/Graphite/SS

Spec Break

Hope you can advise and provide reference for my queries.
Regards & Thanks
Zulkaini

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Zulkaini,
Your questions concern a so-called piping specification break, in piping terms a "spec break".

A "spec break" happens where there is a change from one significant design condition to another, below a few examples:
- transition from high to low pressure
- transition between high and low temperature service
- transition between corrosive and non-corrosive environments

In your example, the piping system change from stainless steel to carbon steel (or vice versa), where pressure class and gasket material do not change.
The break are two 150 lbs flanges, one of CS (A105N) with bolts, nuts and washers for High-Temperature applications, the other SS (F316L) with bolts nuts and washers for low-temperature applications.
For the flange connection, bolts, nuts and washers from both materials can be used, depening on customer requirements.
Corrosion problems: I suspect that your client has thought about, otherwise he would not move from Stainless steel to Carbon steel.

Werner

22. dimensions of latrolets

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from Brandon Henson / US

I came across your site today while searching for dimensions of weldolets. I also need to find dimensions of latrolets. Do you have these available? Or could you possibly point me in the right direction?
Thank you,
Brandon Henson
Product Engineering

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Brandon,
Look at the site of: Bonney Forge

Werner

21. mss sp43 stub ends with 2 radius

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from Reinaldo / Brazil

Hi
I have to say that my English is very green, I'm from Brazil and here we speak Portuguese.
I need one information: Why we have 2 types of MSS SP43 stub ends with 2 radius ?
Thank you very much.
Reinaldo.

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Reinaldo,
MSS SP43 has two types of stub ends, namely A & B.
A is used with Lap Joint flanges
B is used with Slip-On flanges
The Type "A" has its outside corner radiused to accommodate Lap Joint flanges. The inside corner is square.
The Type "B" has an outside corner radius small enough to accommodate Slip-On flanges that are being used as the Backup Flange. The inside corner is square. Occasionally, if a Slip-On type flange is used, chamfers on the I.D. face of the flange are required for a good joint.

Werner

Comment - from Reinaldo

Thank you, Werner!!!

20. kele, inc.

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from David R. Weigel, P. E. / US

Bedankt voor de informative!!
OK, I don't really know Dutch - but wanted to thank you, Werner, for hosting such a great wealth of piping information on www.wermac.org.
We appreciate you!

Best wishes,
Dave

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Dave,
thanks for your compliments on my site.

Kele Inc. is well known. In the past I did business with your company. At that time I worked for Shell or Exxon, but for now I can not remember which project it was.

Werner

PS: Bedankt voor de informatie...perfect dutch!!

link to Kele, Inc.

19. welding details of slip-on flanges

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from Gilles / France

Dear Werner,
as I'm not really familiar with this type of flanges would you please if possible provide more information.
For example what type of welding, how should the flange be welded on the pipe, means raised face side or neck side? (see attached file)
What's the advantage of this type of flange except the price?
Many thanks in advance for the clartification.

best regards - Gilles

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Gilles,
See menu > flanges > definition and details of flanges > flange types > slip on flange.
Please also read the disadvantages of Slip-On-Flanges.

Werner

18. whole or Hole inches ??? - metric / imperial conversion

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from Pieter Ganzeveld / The Netherlands

L.S.
HOLE INCHES MUST BE; WHOLE INCHES
With compliments for the site!
Regards

Tebodin Consultants & Engineers

Pieter Ganzeveld
Mechanical Engineer
Mechanical Department

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hallo Pieter,
Hele "inches" was toch bijna goed ?!?...

THX for your compliments for my site.

Werner

PS: ik keek vanavond weer eens op je site...oud-medewerker van Tebodin

17. double block & bleed valves...

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from Gilles Meyer / France

Dear Werner,
first of all, congratulation for the helpful and amazing website you built up!

In my position as piping designer, I'm permanently looking for general information reg. DB&B valve (type, dimensions, weight,...)Do you have something related to this matter?
Another topic is piping and component insulation. I'm currently working on a ethylen metering skid project wich requires, due to low medium temp., high pressure rate and ambient temperature a suitable insulation.
NPS 6in and 4in, pressure class 900# RTJ.
Many thanks in advance.
best regards,
Gilles

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hi Gilles,
In a few weeks you will find an article about double block & bleed valves. At the moment I can not help.
On the websites of the following companies you probably will find what you need.
Cameron International Corporation on http://www.c-a-m.com/
Brdr. Christensen ApS on http://www.bch.dk/
Alternative: Use two valves in series, with a short piece of pipe between them, in which a drain valve is mounted.
First gives you your double block, second gives you your bleed.

About Insulation: I have not enough knowledge to give you an acceptable answer.

Werner

PS: menu > valves > plug valve
on the right of that page you will find a link to a large picture of a DBB plug valve

16. i came across this site while searching for cap screws but not found...

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from Siddharth Jain

Hi,
I came across this site while searching for Cap screws but not found anything on it.
It will be good if you will ad some infornmation about cap screws(i.e. what is cap screws, use of, calculating length of these etc.) But it is a good site. Thank You for making it
Thank You
Siddharth Jain
Associate Design Engineer-1

Answer from Werner Sölken

give me two weeks ... and you get what you ask

Werner Sölken

15. we have the pleasure to introduce ourselves to you as...

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from Yomn Ehab / Egypt

Dear Sir,
We have the pleasure to introduce ourselves to you as OFFSHORE ZONE is one of the leading engineering & procurement services provider company in the Middle East, and we are fully dedicated to offshore / onshore oil & gas, services, mainly in Egypt and all of the Middle East countries..

Therefore, we would like to invite you to submit a firm bid for the a/m subject tender inquiry on behalf of one of our major client in the OIL & GAS sector...

Regards,
Yomn Ehab
Project Coordinator Engineer

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hello Yomn Ehab,

Sorry, but I'm not a buyer, manufacturer or supplier of piping materials.
My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping and piping systems etc..
At the top of this (and other) pages of this website, you will find links; on that page you can find some suppliers.
If they can't make a offer, or they can't deliver what you ask, let me know...

Werner Sölken

PS: Why log-on is required on your website ?

14. ik keek vanavond weer eens op je site. helemaal vernieuwd. ziet er geweldig uit...

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from Robert / The Netherlands

Hoi Werner,
Ik keek vanavond weer eens op je site. Helemaal vernieuwd.
Ziet er geweldig uit, mooie foto ook J .
Ik herkende het natuurlijk gelijk. Heb je een bepaald template gebruikt?
Mijn site is op dit moment even uit de lucht. Ik doe sowieso op dit moment heel weinig met...Engineering. We hebben het weer hartstikke druk bij...Zo snel als de markt ingestort is vorig jaar, zo snel is hij ook weer opgebloeid.
Bovendien ben ik bezig met het kopen van een huis. Eindelijk het huis in...verkocht. Heb nu een huis in...op het oog. Een ouder huis (1958), moeten wat dingen aan gebeuren. Maar de plek en de ruimte zijn geweldig.
Hoe is het verder in de Poort of Rotterdam?

Groeten,
Robert

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hallo Robert,

Toen ik je email had gelezen dacht ik...dom dom dom, ik had hem een antwoord beloofd. Het spijt mij Robert !.

Wellicht kunnen wij eens rustig met elkaar "bellen". Wat ik te vertellen heb, is teveel om hier neer te schrijven.

People
In my interpretation:
Robert and his care, peace and knowledge make him the best engineer I know.
He always listened to people from the field..do you ?

Ik bel je
Werner

13. what a great information in pipes and fittings, unbelievable...

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from Parithimaal G P / Abu Dhabi

Dear Werner,
I've found your Web Site when search for the picture of spectacle blind.
What a great information in pipes and fittings, unbelievable All in one site for the beginners. Thanks, No it's not enough, No I don't find a right word to convey my gratitude. Wonderful, collection of basics in piping and stationary equipments.

I have copy pasted all of your contents in word (Including your web address and references) and planning to circulate as mechanical foundation course Reference and readings materials for the mechanical maintenance technician trainees. Can I circulate it only with our trainees?

If you include following topics also will add big value to your web site

  • Pipe supports
  • Expansion joints ( Bellows)
  • Filters and Strainers

Rest of the types of Heat exchangers

  • Plate type
  • Fin type
  • Double tube

I pray the almighty should give good health and wealth to do lot to the human kind and wish you all the best..

Thanks a lot, awaiting your reply
Best Regards, Parithimaal G P, Mecanical Instructor,
Learning and development,
Borouge Abu Dhabi Polymers Co. Ltd. P. O. Box 11764.
Ruwais, Abu Dhabi.
Office: + 971 2 6073975
Mobile: + 971 50 9022329
Fax: + 971 2 6073906
Visit us at www.borouge.com

Answer from Werner Sölken

First, thanks for your compliments on my site...I really appreciate

Can I circulate it only with our trainees?...Yes, my website is freely accessible, but see copyright and disclaimer of www.wermac.org

If you include following topics also will add big value to your web site...
www.wermac.org permanently expanded...everything you have listed, in the coming months will be added to my website.
In addition, I will also explain isometric drawings, piping and instrumentation drawings, pipe class specifications etc..

Werner Sölken

12. you are kindly requested to quote for the attached requirements...

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from Shahin / Dubai U.A.E.

Dear Sir,
You are kindly requested to quote for the attached requirements send us your best offer along with full technical details...

Best Regards,
Shahin

Answer from Werner Sölken

Dear Ms (Mr) Shahin,

Sorry, but I'm not a manufacturer or supplier of piping materials.
My website is designed for people who want to know more about piping and piping systems etc..
At the top of this (and other) pages of this website, you will find links; on that page you can find some suppliers.
If they can't make a offer, or they can't deliver what you ask, let me know...

Werner Sölken

11. when i checked your website for dimensions of spectacle blinds...

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from Sreenath / Qatar

Dear Sir,
When I checked your website for dimensions of Spectacle Blinds (Pressure Class 300 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24) I have confused about the dimensions i.e. Dimensions A is larger than Dimensions B. Can you advise please.

Best Regards,
Sreenath

Answer from Werner Sölken

Sreenath,

You are right, the image on the right was wrong. Meanwhile I have made changes, and now it is correct...thanks for your message.

Werner Sölken

10. i didn't noticed where on your site I have to post a question...

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from Gilles Meyer / France

Dear Werni,
I didn't noticed where on your site I have to post a question.
That's why I'm writting directly to the web-mgmt, might be right.
Well, I'm a draughtman in the oil+gas area and I have to deal know with such of kind of items, weldolets.
I'ts really hard to find any substantial information about weldolets, I mean dimensions, in order to modelize a part.
Do you have or know where I can find a serious data sheet ?

Many thanks in advance,
Gilles

Answer from Werner Sölken

Gilles,

At the top of each page of www.wermac.org you will find "question".

Dimensions of Weldolets: Main Menu...Fittings...Dimensions Weldolets (serious data).

Werner

Remark: Werni..I have never heard, tell me more...

9. sonderschrauben, special bolts, güldner...

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from Helmut Landwehr / Germany

Dear Mr. Sölken,

I found you on www.wermac.com a very nice site ! and I am not sure , If you sometimes are in need of those items.
If yes, please send us you inquiry. Thank you and best regards

Helmut Landwehr

Answer from Werner Sölken

I know your company from the past, our order was delivered correctly and "on time".
Below, I've created a link to your site.

sonderschrauben güldner

Good luck, Werner

8. after hours of searching and surfing the web i came across...

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Thanks from Margarita Osborn Belt / Spain

Dear Werner,

After hours of searching and surfing the web I came across your page and there was everything I needed in one place, just as your introduction promised. You have made me a happy translator, so this message is to thank you profusely for taking the time to upload your knowledge to share it with others, and for being so clear in your explanations.

I wish you all the best.

Kind regards,

Margarita Osborn Belt
Official translator of Legal Documents
C/ Herrerîa 18, esc. 2, 2-A
18140 - La Zubia (Granada)
Spain

Answer from Werner Sölken

Great that my contribution helps you too ... much success as a translator.

Werner

7. i need all dimensions of weldolet 1200 mm x 700 mm...

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from Suleyman Halicioglu / China

Dear Sirs,

I need all dimensions of Weldolet 1200 mm x 700 mm.
If possible, could you please send me the dimension.

Thank you in advance.

Suleyman Halicioglu

Answer from Werner Sölken

I think a Weldolet of this size should have been manufactured. This is not a standard fitting, so I can´t give you any details.
By the way, in this large size often a stub-in is a better and cheaper alternative.
See mainmenu "Others" article Reinforced Branch Connection.

Good luck

Werner

6. one of my welders regularly is talking about hijlo...

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from Bert v.d. Sluis / The Netherlands

Hallo,

One of my welders regularly is talking about hijlo...I have no idea what he's talking about.Can you explain to me what he intended ?.

Bert vds

Answer from Werner Sölken

Hijlo stands voor high-low, and the correct abbreviation is Hi-Lo.
Hi-Lo is a typical piping term and indicates a internal misalignment between a pipe, flange or fitting. The most common cause of Hi-Lo is the roundness of pipes, fittings and flanges, especially for large diameters and thin wall thicknesses.
A welder noticed this immediately, and if the welds radiographic must be examined, the misalignment must be corrected. Perhaps you also need to talking with your pipefitter(s) for better preparation.

Werner

5. heat transfer is my specialty, and perhaps i can help you...

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from Jody Gibson / United States

Hi Werner,

I've just found your Web Site. Great site !
What work have you done, unbelievable. All these custom tables and also all these explanations, I'm really impressed.
But you have much to do, and if you want, I can support you with information about one of your next chapters. Heat transfer is my specialty, and perhaps I can help you.

Jody Gibson
Heat Transfer Con.

Answer from Werner Sölken

Thanks for your comments...appreciation for others in this world is an exception.
I would like to use your experience, so I have send my private email address to you.

Werner

4. i am looking for an example of a piping layout...

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from John Farla / United States

I am looking for an example of a piping layout. I cannot find it on your site !.

JF

Answer from Werner Sölken

That's true ... I'm working on it, wait a week and you get what you want.

Werner

3. ik heb op een isometric een elevatie staan van el. 100500...

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from Klaas Schilder / The Netherlands

Hallo,

Ik heb op een isometric een elevatie staan van EL. 100500. Het betreft hier de zuigzijde van een pomp. Geen idee waar ik deze elevatie aan moet relateren

Klaas

Answer from Werner Sölken

zie main menu "Documents" Piping Coordination Systems - Dimensioning from Reference Points -

Werner

2. ich kann auf ihrer website keine abmessungen von flanschen 26 zoll finden...

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from Klaus Fischer / Germany

Hallo,

Ich kann auf Ihrer Website keine Abmessungen von Flanschen 26 Zoll finden. Gucke ich nicht gut ?.

Klaus

Answer from Werner Sölken

Sie gucken gut !. Im Moment gebe ich alle Abmessungen bis 24 Zoll. In den nächsten Monaten werde ich meine Website ausbreiten. Tut mir leid. Schreiben Sie mir die Abmessungen, die Sie wünschen; dann werde ich sie in diesem Forum vermelden.

Werner

from Klaus Fischer

Hallo Werner,

Es geht mir um alle Abmessungen von einem Vorschweiss Flansch 26 Zoll - 150
laut Asme B 16.47 Serie A.
Ich bedanke mich jetzt schon recht herzlich.

Klaus

Answer from Werner Sölken

Welding Neck flange

Die Abmessungen in Millimeter für den Welding Neck Flange NPS 26 - 150 Lbs (Vorschweissflansch) acc. to ASME B16.47 Series A sind:

  1. A = 676.1
  2. D = 870
  3. B = 68.3
  4. G = 749.3
  5. K = 806.5
  6. H = 120.7
  7. OD = 660.4
  8. Anzahl der Schraubenlöcher = 24
  9. Durchmesser der Schraubenlöcher (L) = 35.1

Werner

1. asme b16.5 defines studs lengths for single nut on both sides...

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from John Foreman / United States

Hello all,

ASME B16.5 defines studs lengths for single nut on both sides.
In the subsea flanges we use double nut. Somebody know any website where i can find the length whith double nut for instance Welding Neck R.T.J. 24"ø 600#.

Thanks John

Answer from Werner Sölken

Main menu "Others", Method for Calculating Stud Bolt Lengths

Werner