BWG Birmingham Wire Gauge

Birmingham Wire Gauge

The Birmingham gauge is a wire gauge system, and is also used to specify thickness or diameter of hypodermic/injection needles and tube products. Birmingham gauge is also known as the Stubs Iron Wire Gauge or Birmingham Wire Gauge. It is not the same as, though similar to, the Stubs Steel Wire Gauge.

The gauge starts at the lowest gauge number of 5/0 or 00000, corresponding to the largest size of 0.500 inch (12.7mm) to the highest gauge number of 36, corresponding to the smallest size of 0.004 inch (0.102mm). Size steps between gauges range from 0.001 inch between high gauge numbers to 0.046 inch between the two lowest gauge numbers and do not correspond to a particular mathematical pattern, although for the most part the steps get smaller with increasing gauge number. Concerning wire and fine tubing, the gauge number is used to specify the outside diameter of the product, whereas for larger mechanical tubing the gauge number specifies the wall thickness independent of the overall size of the tube.

In medicine, the Birmingham gauge specifies the outside diameter of hypodermic/injection needles, catheters, cannulae and suture wires. It was originally developed in early 19th-century England for use in wire manufacture, and it began appearing in a medical setting in the early 20th century.

The imperial and metric conversions for Birmingham wire gauge measurements are presented in the table below.

Gauge	BWG inches	BWG mm
(5/0)	0.500	12.7
(4/0)	0.454	11.532
(3/0)	0.425	10.795
(2/0)	0.380	9.652
0	0.340	8.636
1	0.300	7.62
2	0.284	7.213
3	0.259	6.579
4	0.238	6.045
5	0.220	5.588
6	0.203	5.156
7	0.180	4.572
8	0.165	4.191
9	0.148	3.759
10	0.134	3.404
11	0.120	3.048
12	0.109	2.769
13	0.095	2.413
14	0.083	2.108
15	0.072	1.829
16	0.065	1.651
17	0.058	1.473
18	0.049	1.245
19	0.042	1.067
20	0.035	0.888
21	0.032	0.813
22	0.028	0.711
23	0.025	0.635
24	0.022	0.559
25	0.020	0.508
26	0.018	0.457
27	0.016	0.406
28	0.014	0.356
29	0.013	0.330
30	0.012	0.305
31	0.010	0.254
32	0.009	0.229
33	0.008	0.203
34	0.007	0.178
35	0.005	0.127
36	0.004	0.102

Remark(s) of the Author...

Recently, I was involved in heat exchanger inspection, by Eddy Current.

Most companies have a partner (third party) to do the special inspection. For the third party, it is important to know the outside diameter, the wall thickness, the number and the lengths of the tubes. OD minus 2 times the wall thickness is the Inside Diameter (ID), and so the third party knows which sensor to use. Of course, the length of the tubes is also important for the length of the sensor.

In one of the bundle tube specifications, the wall thickness was indicated by BWG14.

At first I didn't know what it meant.

That is easy to explain, because all dimensions of other bundle exchangers were given in inches and millimeters, but not in Birmingham Wire Gauges.

So BWG14 (in the table above) tells us that the wall thickness of the bundle tubes is 0.083 inches or 2,108 mm.

Every day I learn something new, and I hope the same applies to you.